红松高生长模型的研究(英文)

高生长模型是定量研究树木生长过程的有效途径,本文应用双曲线方程、Logistic方程、三个参数的Richards方程及四个参数的Richards方程对红松的高生长进行了研究。结果表明四个参数的Richards方程在模拟红松高生长时最为合适,且当其参数取不同的数值时,该方程可转化为其它理论方程。在使用四个参数的Richards方程时,可根据立地条件事先给定树高最大值,这样可使模型更符合实际情况。此外,文中还对一种以固定年龄时实际树高为参数值的模型进行了讨论,该模型对于计算给定树木的高生长将更为有效。     

Planted conifer seedling growth under two soil thermal regimes in high-elevation forest openings in interior British Columbia

A field trial was conducted investigating the single season growth response of 1+0 313 PSB Engelmann spruce (Picea engelmannii Parry ex Engelm.) and lodgepole pine (Pinus contorta Dougl. ex Loud.) seedlings planted into two different soil thermal regimes at three high-elevation locations spanning 200 km in the Engelmann Spruce-Subalpine Fir (ESSF) biogeoclimatic zone in the Cariboo Mountains of central British Columbia. Temperature treatments represented the extremes of soil temperature commonly found in high-elevation clear-cuts. A warm soil treatment (clear day, mid-afternoon soil temperature in mid-summer of 18 to 25 °C at –10 cm) consisting of a bare mineral soil hummock (average dimensions of 100 cm × 100 cm × 40 cm) was contrasted with a cool soil treatment (clear day, mid-afternoon soil temperature in mid-summer of 10 to 13 °C at –10 cm) comprised of organic forest floor overlying mineral soil. By the end of the growing season, seedlings of both species planted into the warm treatment generally exhibited greater root, stem, foliage, and total seedling biomass than cool treatment seedlings. Measurements of root growth at 30, 60, and 90 days after planting showed that total root number and total root length were consistently greater for warm treatment seedlings than for cool treatment seedlings. Root growth was greater from the bottom rather than from the side of the root plug for all seedlings. These results suggest that the effect of low soil temperatures on outplanted styroblock conifer seedlings is pronounced and may be limiting growth performance in high-elevation plantations in British Columbia. We recommend silvicultural treatments that secure natural regeneration, ensure that warmer microsites are always planted, and utilize seedling stocktypes able to make rapid lateral root growth into warmer surface organic horizons.     

STUDY ON THE TREE GROWTH, ARCHITECTURE AND STAND STRUCTURE OF KOREAN PINE PLANTATION

lNTRODUCTIONTherhythInofKorcanpinegrowingandtrpearchitectUreissubjectedtoitsownl1crcd-ityandforeststructUre.Tl1cil11portantefTcctsofgapdynamicsarethereasonsthatmaketl1cKoreanpinetrceformhighqualityoftimbcr.Whilecurrentn1anagemcntofKoreanpincforestmainlyfocusesonpurestand,thccco-logicalrelationshipsbetWcenKoreanpineandothcrsPecicsinaconununityareneglected,thcprimitivebiologicalconditionislost.TheKo-reanpinetrecsinplantationcasilydivergeonthctOpofmainsten1,thesescverelyaITectthcgrOedqu…     

Influence of alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) intercropping and polyethylene mulching on early growth of walnut (Juglans spp.) in central Italy

Combined production of timber and forage species is considered to be a desirable land-use system to offset some of the current land management problems of Italy. This paper reports the early results of a study on intercropping young plants of walnut with alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.), with or without polyethylene mulching, in an experimental plantation in central Italy. Two genotypes of walnut were used:Juglans regia L. and the French hybrid NG23×RA. The seasonal changes of absolute and relative growth rates of walnut stem diameter and apical shoot length were investigated.During both growing seasons, alfalfa intercropping strongly decreased walnut growth, whereas polyethylene mulching promoted stem height and diameter growth. Stem growth of intercropped-and-mulched walnut was the same as that of sole walnut under clean cultivation management. The use of polyethylene mulching reduced or avoided the competitive effect of associated alfalfa on walnut growth. During both growing seasons, the intercropped-and-mulched walnut had higher relative growth rates than intercropped-unmulched walnut. The results show the effectiveness of polyethylene mulching in promoting early growth of walnut, even when intercropped with alfalfa during early stages of plantation establishment.     

The effect of late season damage on the apical bud development of Scots pine seedlings

The effect of Lygus rugulipennis Popp. feeding and artificial damage on the apical bud of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) late in the growing season was studied on two-year-old seedlings. Lygus feeding in late July and August caused inhibition of bud formation in the subsequent year's shoots, which led to loss of apical dominance and formation of interfascicular buds. Mechanical damage caused by piercing the apical bud with a needle in July, August and October produced scars and malformations on subsequent year's shoots and buds, but did not inhibit bud formation. Damage to the apical meristem could not be detected visually on the dormant bud before shoot elongation.     

杉木幼林年生长节律划分和相关气候因素分析

杉木幼林年生长规律及气候因素对生长的影响,是合理制订杉木产区区划,改善杉木造林规划设计布局,正确实施经营管理措施的基础。 本项研究,将全国杉木西部试区的四川高县作为试验点,从1985～1988年,连续4年在5～8年生不同密度林分中,作了胸高直径及树高生长的旬期定期观测。经对这些实验数据作均值处理,聚类分析,关联分析和多元回归分析结果表明:对生长在中国杉木中带西部产区,处于中亚热带湿润气候区环境条件下的杉木幼林年生长规律的论证及对影响生长的主要气候因子的分析判断和预测,具有可靠性和区域代表性。     

全国杉木人工林间伐表编制的研究

根据全国各带，区，各指数级杉木林分生长过程，编制了８～２２指数级相应的间伐表共５组（即南带，北带，中带东区，中区和西区）利用５３块间伐标地材料，以ｙ＝ａ＋ｂｘ模型，求出间伐后的平均高和平均胸径的回归经验式，该表与利用杉木林分密度管理图编制的间伐表进行检验比较，误差在１．９％～２．６７％之间，间伐开始期，则视初植密度的大小，与指数级的高低而异，间伐终止期，一般为１５ａ，最大不超过１８ａ，且与初植密度     

中国木材产业规模化经营的战略性思考

归纳了规模经济效应与产业成长的关系,分析了木材产业规模化经营对产业变革的意义;通过对中国木材产业规模化经营现状的分析,指出了当前所存在的问题;最后,就如何实现中国木材产业的规模化经营进行了战略设计,并提出了战略实施的相关支持性条件.     

杉木初级种子园遗传效应的一个验证

从杉木林中采集七株优树的种子，并在种子园内采集相同优树无性系自由授粉种子，进行成对对造林比较试验，造林四年后，来自种子园的后代其生长量显著高于来自林分的后代，树高增长9．1％，胸径增加14．5，由此，对杉木初级种子园的遗传效应加以肯定并进行评论。     

配方施肥对毛竹林新竹生长及经济效益的影响

通过"3414"施肥试验,研究了不同N、P、K配方施肥对福建三明毛竹林新竹生长及竹林经济产出的影响。结果表明,N、P、K不同配方对新竹的成竹率、新竹胸径与新竹产量以及对竹林经济产出的影响差异显著。14个配方处理中,N2P3K2的新竹数最高,为对照的1.69倍;N2P2K2的新竹胸径和产量均为最大,分别为对照的1.09和1.91倍,且新竹叶片的N、P、K、Mg浓度最为均衡。该试验条件下,施尿素540 kg/hm2、硫酸钾135 kg/hm2、过磷酸钙450~675 kg/hm2,能较为有效地促进新竹生长与产量持续。各配方施肥对毛竹林的增产幅度为18.1%~192.4%,增产效益明显,N2P2K2的竹林产值最高,是对照的2.92倍,资金产出率(产投比)前3位为N2P2K2、N2P3K2和N2P2K3,分别是3.83,3.43和3.26,N素对新竹生长的影响最大,缺N素、P素试验的资金产出率低于无施肥处理。